The passivhaus or passive house standard was developed in the early 1990’s in Germany. It dramatically reduces the need for heating and cooling and improves air quality.
- Passive Houses allow for space heating and cooling related energy savings of up to 90% compared with typical building stock and over 75% compared to average new build
Bamboo House by Karawitz Architects. Image from Archdaily
- It basically wraps a house in a big blanket to prevent heat loss and gain.
- house is orientated to allow solar passive heat gains (in the northern hemisphere, windows on the south with very little openings on the north side). In warm climates, southern facing glazing is shaded by large overhangs or shade systems so intense summer rays do not overheat. At the Karawitz house this system is bamboo, a highly sustainable building material
- heat is captured on the interior
image courtesy mocoloco.com
- high levels of insulation with low levels of thermal bridging, (thermal bridging is where gaps in the insulated building envelope cause temps to jump from inside to outside or vice versa)
- These highly insulated wall, floor and foundations are customized based on the climate the house is located in, warmer climates use less material
- building envelope has a high level of airtightness (they use a blow test). All joints are taped with special tape to create airtight seal
- excellent level of indoor air quality
- mechanical ventilation system for the whole house which recovers heat for reuse (air exiting house warms air entering through heat recovery)
- the standard encourages a high level of energy efficiency for appliances, lighting and hot water generation
- photovoltaic systems are installed for energy generation
- to be certified the house needs to meet the following energy criteria
| Energy performance targets and air changes per hour | |
| Specific Heating Demand | ≤ 15 kWh/m2. yr |
| Specific Cooling Demand | ≤ 15 kWh/m2. yr |
| Specific Heating Load | ≤ 10 W/m2 |
| Specific Primary Energy Demand | ≤ 120 kWh/m2. Yr |
| Air Changes Per Hour | ≤ 0.6 @ n50 |
| Criteria | Passivhaus | EnerPHit |
| Specific Heat Demand | ≤ 15 kWh/m².yr | ≤ 25 kWh/m².yr |
| Primary Energy Demand | ≤ 120 kWh/m².yr | ≤ 120 kWh/m².yr * |
| Limiting Value | n50 ≤0.6-1 | n50 ≤1.0-1 |
* PE ≤ 120 kWh/m².yr + ((SHD – 15 kWh/ m².yr) x1.2)
- EnerPHit is the passive house standard for remodels
- triple glazing or double glazing with low e and no thermal bridging can be used for windows and doors
For certification:
the energy balance of the proposed building must be verified using the Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) using the appropriate regional climatic dataset. Either the monthly or the annual method may be applied.
PHPP is available from
http://www.passivhaus.org.uk/standard.jsp?id=18
www.passiv.de Germany
Orla Huq
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